Introduction to Mapping Concepts
This document introduces the key mapping concepts used by HERE. The global mapping industry uses most of these concepts or very similar concepts. Understanding these concepts is essential for working with HERE maps and helpful for working with any digital map.
Glossary
The following terms are common to many HERE mapping products and models:
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ADAS | Advanced Driver Assistance Systems for driver safety, supported in HERE maps by road attributes such as Curvature. |
| API keys | Simple and secure credentials for using your app with HERE APIs. |
| ASN.1 | Formal notation used for describing data transmitted by telecommunications protocols like LPP. |
| Assistance data | Navigation models and other data (for example, ionospheric model) that aids navigation satellites calculate a position on the ground. |
| Beidou | Global navigation satellite system operated by China. |
| BER | Basic Encoding Rules, a self-describing and self-delimiting format for encoding ASN.1 data structures. |
| Correction data | Data that helps ground receivers calculate their positions more accurately. |
| GALILEO | Global navigation satellite system created by the European Union. |
| Geolocation | A specific location on the surface of the earth, typically expressed in latitude, longitude, and elevation relative to mean sea level. |
| GLONASS | Global navigation satellite system operated by Russia. |
| GNSS | Global Navigational Satellite System. An umbrella for all satellite systems like GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, Beidou, and QZSS. |
| GPS | Global Positioning System owned by the United States. |
| LPP | 3GPP defined LTE Positioning Protocol. |
| Navigation model | Orbital data and clock model for a satellite. |
| NDS | Navigation Data Standard, which is a standardized format for automotive-grade navigation databases, jointly developed by automobile manufacturers and suppliers. |
| OAuth | Open Authorization framework. Industry-standard protocol for authorization. |
| PE | Position Engine, client software running the position algorithms. |
| PPP | Precise Point Positioning, a positioning technique behind HD-GNSS product utilizing SSR correction data. |
| Protobuf | Protocol Buffer is a free and open source cross-platform data format used to serialize structured data, including map data. |
| QZSS | Quasi-Zenith Satellite System. Regional navigation satellite system commissioned by Japan. |
| SSR | State Space Representation. Correction data that models major errors over large areas. |
| Tessellation | In computer graphics, tessellation is the process of converting surfaces to polygons, and curves to polylines, for the purpose of rendering on a screen. |
| TTFF | Time to first fix. The time required for a navigation device to acquire satellite signals and navigation data and calculate a position. |
| Vector | A ray with a specific starting point, length, and direction. |
| WebSocket | Computer communications protocol providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection. |
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